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It sound like the start of a very bad physics riddle : I ’m a particle that really is n’t ; I vanish before I can even be detected , yet can be interpret . I break your agreement of physical science but do n’t overtake your knowledge . Who am I ?
It ’s an odderon , a particle that ’s even more queer than its name paint a picture , and it may have recently been detected atthe Large Hadron Collider , the most sinewy atom smasher , where particles are zipped at near unaccented speed around a 17 - land mile - long ( 27 kilometers ) ringing near Geneva in Switzerland .
It’s just complicated
First off , the odderon is not really a speck . What we recollect of as particles are usually very stable : negatron , protons , quarks , neutrinosand so on . you may hold a bunch of them in your hand and hold them around with you . Heck , your paw is literally made of them . And your hand is n’t vanish into thin melodic line anytime presently , so we can probably safely assume that its fundamental particles are in for the long term . [ 7 unknown Facts About Quarks ]
There are other particles that do n’t last long but still get to be call atom . Despite their short lifespan , they remain particles . They ’re free , independent and able to dwell on their own , separate from any interaction — those are the hallmarks of a material subatomic particle .
And then there is the so - calledquasiparticle , which is just one step above being not - a - mote - at - all . quasiparticle are n’t exactly speck , but they ’re not exactly fiction , either . It ’s just … complicated . [ The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics ]
As in , literally complicated . In particular , interactions of particle at superhigh speeds get complicated . When two protons bang up into each other at nearly the speed of light , it ’s not like two billiard balls cracking together . It ’s more like two blob of jellyfish wobbling into each other , getting their sand turned at heart out and consume everything get rearranged before they return to being jellyfish on the way out .
Feeling quasi
In all of this complicated mess , sometimes strange patterns appear . Tiny particles protrude into and out of existence in the blink of an heart , only to be succeed by another fleeting subatomic particle — and another . Sometimes these New York minute of particles appear in a particular sequence or blueprint . Sometimes it ’s not even flashes of molecule at all , but simply vibrations in the soup of the concoction of the collision — vibration that suggest the presence of a transeunt particle .
It ’s here that physicists face up a numerical quandary . They can either undertake to amply draw all the complicated messiness that leads to these effervescent patterns , or they can guess — strictly for the sake of convenience — that these patterns are " particles " in their own right field , but with odd properties , like damaging lot and spins that deepen with meter . [ 5 severely Mind - Boggling Math fact ]
Physicists pick out the latter choice , and thus the quasiparticle is born . Quasiparticles are brief , effervescent pattern or rippling of energy that look in the midst of a high - energy particle collision . But since it takes a lot of legwork to fully describe that situation mathematically , physicists take some shortcut and pretend that these convention are their own molecule . It ’s done just to make the math easier to address . So , quasiparticle are treated like particle , even though they decidedly are n’t .
It ’s like pretending that your uncle ’s jokes are really funny . He is quasifunny purely for the sake of contraption .
Evening the odds
One fussy sort of quasiparticle is anticipate the odderon , predicted to exist in the 1970s . It ’s think to appear when an unexpended number ofquarks — teensy mote that are the building blocks of matter — shortly swank in and out of existence during proton and antiproton collisions . If odderons are present in this smashup scenario , there will be a slight divergence in the cross subdivision ( physics jargon for how well one molecule strikes another ) of collision between particles with themselves and with their antiparticles . [ Photos : The World ’s Largest Atom Smasher ( LHC ) ]
So , if we slam a clump of protons together , for example , we can calculate a cross discussion section for that interaction . Then , we can repeat this exercise for proton - antiproton collisions . In a world without odderons , these two hybridizing sections ought to be identical . But odderons transfer the picture — these brief blueprint we call odderons look more favorably in particle - mote than antiparticle - antiparticle collisions , which will slightly modify the crossbreed sections .
The worry is that this conflict is predicted to be very , very small , so you ’d need a ton of event , or hit , before you could claim a catching .
Now , if only we had a giant particle collider that regularly smashed proton and antiprotons together , and did it at such high Energy Department and so often that we could get reliable statistic . Oh , rightfulness : We do , the Large Hadron Collider .
In a recent composition , published March 26 on the preprint serverarXiv , the TOTEM Collaboration ( in the hilarious jargon acronyms of high - energy physic , TOTEM stands for " full mark - section , Elastic dissipate and diffraction disassociation Measurement at the LHC " ) account significant differences between the cross sections of protons smashing other protons versus protons slamming into antiproton . And the only path to explain the difference is to upraise this decennium - old idea of the odderon . There might be other explanation for the data ( in other quarrel , other forms of exotic particles ) , but odderons , as odd as it seems , look to be the best candidate .
Did TOTEM find something new and funky about the universe ? For sure . Did TOTEM discover a brand - fresh corpuscle ? No , because odderons are quasiparticle , not particles in their own rightfulness . Does it still help us push past the bound of known physics ? For sure . Does it break out known physics ? No , because odderons were predicted to exist within our current understanding .
Does all that seem a little bit odd to you ?
Paul M. Sutteris an astrophysicist atThe Ohio State University , host ofAsk a SpacemanandSpace Radio , and author ofYour Place in the Universe .
primitively published onLive Science .
