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There are around 1,350 " potentially participating volcanoes worldwide , " accord to theU.S. Department of the Interior , and just over one - third of them are hump to have erupted at some point during memorialize history .
But where are mostvolcanoeslocated ? If you wanted to see an combat-ready volcano , where would you have the corking chance of finding one ?
A volcanic eruption in Hawaii
" Most of the major planet ’s volcanoes are located underwater , along the 65,000 - km - prospicient [ 40,000 miles ] mid - ocean ridgeline system , " Ed Llewellin , a professor of volcanology at Durham University in the United Kingdom , told Live Science in an email .
" About 80 % of theEarth ’s magma yield come from vent along these ridge , which are typically 3 to 4 kilometre [ 1.8 to 2.5 international mile ] below the ocean surface , " he added . " Some of the rooftree system — around 9,000 km [ 5,600 stat mi ] — runs through the easterly Pacific , but it also runs through all of the major oceans , including 16,000 km [ 9,900 mile ] along the middle of the Atlantic . "
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A volcanic eruption in Hawaii
" It can be easygoing to forget about these volcanoes , " Llewellin allege , because they are hidden far beneath the ocean ’s Earth’s surface , and as a result , their eruptions rarely affect us . But what about vent that are above the ocean ’s Earth’s surface ?
" Of the volcanoes that are on kingdom , many of them are located around the Pacific Ocean , " Llewellin said . " This is because the Pacific Ocean is fringed with ' subduction zones , ' which are places around the edge oftectonic plateswhere one plate slide underneath another . "
As a resolution of this tectonic activity , the Pacific is home to the Ring of Fire , a 25,000 - mile - longsighted ( 40,000 km ) , shoe - shaped , seismically participating belted ammunition that is the epicentre of around90 % of the world ’s earthquakesand75 % of the world ’s active land volcanoes .
Around the Pacific , previous , cold , dense oceanic home " slide underneath the adjacent continental plates , " Llewellin noted . As these plates descend back into the mantle , they free piddle from mineral formed at the ocean floor , and this water causes the mantle above to melt down , producing magma .
" The magma go up up from the drape above the descending plate and notice its elbow room through the overlying continental plate , " Llewellin excuse . " This is why there are ranges of vent all around the Pacific , such as the Andes in South America , the Cascades in North America , the Aleutians between Alaska and Siberia , and so on . "
In the western Pacific , the subduction zones " in the main feature one pelagic scale sliding underneath another pelagic scale , " Llewellin said . This can constitute chains of volcanic island , such as the Nipponese archipelago , and much of Melanesia , a subregion of Oceania in the South Pacific that contains Fiji , Vanuatu , the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea .
However , because of the nature of architectonic movement , the Pacific has not always been a volcano hotspot . Indeed , 252 million years ago , as the Permian period turn into the Triassic , Earth would have been far less hospitable due to the musical scale of volcanic activeness occurring planetwide . At this prison term , what is retrieve to be the prominent evermass extinction eventtook place , with an judge 96 % of marine life and 70 % of terrene life going nonextant largely because of powerful volcanic extravasation , according to a 2017 clause in the journalNature .
as luck would have it for humans and Earth ’s other current inhabitants , volcanic outbreak are n’t as numerous these Day as they were in the satellite ’s past .
" If we admit pigboat volcano along the mid - ocean ridges , the mass of volcanic activity on Earth has been located outside the Pacific arena , " Llewellin said . " Over the whole history of the Earth , the oftenness of volcanic activeness has easy fallen . The early Earth was much hotter than it is today — so live that we think there were periods when the whole surface of the Earth was enshroud in a magma ocean . "
grounds of this ruddy hot ocean is " preserved in the chemistryof ancient rocks from Greenland , " which indicates that , 3.6 billion years ago , " a cryptic sea of incandescent magma " stretched across Earth ’s control surface , according to a 2021 field of study published in the journalScience Advances .
" The last time this happened was following the giant wallop of a Mars - sized proto - planet , which lead to the formation of themoonaround 100 million year after the Earth formed , " Llewellin tell , describing thetheoryknown as the Big Splash , or the Theia Impact . " During these magma ocean period , you could reason that the whole satellite was a gargantuan volcano!“Earth is far cool and more hospitable now than it was during its seas of magma form , and according to Llewellin , volcanoes will finally become a thing of the yesteryear on our major planet kick in the satellite seems likely to continue cooling over time .
" This has already fall out on the moon , " Llewellin said . " It is much smaller than the Earth , and so it cooled more quickly . There was vivid volcanic bodily process on the moonlight billions of eld ago — the big dark plot of land we see are giant ' seas ' of solidified lava — but it has been volcanically ' dead ' for around a billion years . "
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However , it seems unlikely that volcanoes will vanish any time before long . In fact , some experts have suggested it could take91 billion yearsfor the Earth ’s core to lose all its oestrus , meaning vent are likely to be around for far longer than humans , and could even outlive thesun , which will in all probability die in5 billion eld . So , if you ’re a budding volcanologist or you ’re merely curious about what an eruption might look like in real living , where is the good place in the world to go ?
" If you want to see an real eructation , your best bet is to go to Stromboli , a small island off the toe of Italy , " Llewellin said . " It has been come out , almost without pause , for the last 1,500 year or so . If you take a manoeuver tour up the volcano , you are almost certain to see one of the pocket-size detonation it raise every few instant from one of the many vents near the summit . "
to begin with published on Live Science on Jan. 18 , 2013 and rewrite on July 28 , 2022 .
